Nesting habitat: Breeds in a variety of habitats, sometimes near water.
Nest site: The nest is usually stuck against a flat surface with overhead support.
Nest type: An open shallow cup of mud pellets mixed with grass and hair; thickly lined with feathers. Built by both adults.
Eggs:
Clutch size: Usually 4-5, at times 3-7.
Color: White, spotted with brown, pale purple, gray.
Egg size: 16.3-21.7 mm x 12.4-14.8 mm.
Incubation period: 13-15 days.
Nestling period: Young fed by both adults. Brooded only by the female. Fledge between 15-24 (usually 20) days.
Number of broods per season: 2.